Finlabs India

The History Of Income Tax In India
  1. Ancient Beginnings

    • Mentioned in Manu Smriti, with traders & artisans paying ~20% of income; agriculturists paid between 1/6 and 1/10 in kind.

    • Kautilya’s Arthashastra (~230 BC) introduced structured taxation: fixed rates (e.g. 1/6 for farmers), progressive slabs, scheduled payments, tolls, export/import duties

  2. First Modern Income Tax – 1860

    • Introduced by Sir James Wilson to offset losses after the 1857 rebellion.

    • Valid for five years; exempted agricultural income and life‑insurance premiums; recognized Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs) as separate taxable units

  3. Income Tax Act of 1918

    • Expanded to include casual, non-recurring receipts and corresponding deductions in taxable income computation.

  4. Income Tax Act of 1922

    • Established the first systematic and flexible tax framework: tax rates set per budget, without needing frequent legislative revisions

  5. The 1961 Act (enforced from April 1, 1962)

    • Consolidated earlier laws into a unified structure applicable across India (including Sikkim and Jammu & Kashmir).

    • Introduced taxation under five distinct heads (salary, business, capital gains, house property, and other sources), added audit mechanisms, and standardized assessment processes

  6. Modern Developments

    • Since 1962, the Income Tax Act of 1961 has remained in force but has undergone annual amendments to adapt to changing economic and social needs.

Refrences Link: https://www.estartindia.com/

 

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